Falling Between Two Cracks: The Indeterminate Character of Mid-level Government
نویسنده
چکیده
This article argues that the neglect of mid-level government among public administration scholars is regrettable because the investigation of developments within this level of governmental could shed new light on various core themes in public administration. In order to understand developments taking place at the local level, it is often necessary to investigate what is going on at the mid-level. This article concludes that public administration scholars should develop a general framework to judge the policies and position of mid level government, investigate whether the provincial level is the appropriate level for developing policies, conduct more independent evaluations of processes taking place at the mid-level layer of government; and conduct comparative research into the causal mechanisms that determine the needs for midlevel government.
منابع مشابه
Cues to the perception of Taiwanese tones.
A labeling test with synthetic speech stimuli was carried out to determine to what extent the two dimensions of fundamental frequency (F0), height and movement, and syllable duration provide cues to tonal distinctions in Taiwanese. The data show that the high level vs. mid level tones and the high falling vs. mid falling tones can be reliably distinguished by F0 height alone, whereas the distin...
متن کاملFracture Analysis of a FGM Strip Containing Multiple Interface Cracks Sandwiched between Two Homogeneous Layers
A FGM layer sandwiched between two isotropic layers weakened by several interface cracks under antiplane loading is studied. This paper examines the modelling of cracks by distribution of strain nuclei along crack lines. In this investigation, the Volterra-type screw dislocation employed between FGM and an elastic layer. To solve the dislocation problem, the complex Fourier transform is applied...
متن کاملFracture Analysis of a FGM Strip Containing Multiple Interface Cracks Sandwiched Between Two Homogeneous Layers
A FGM layer sandwiched between two isotropic layers weakened by several interface cracks under antiplane loading is studied. This paper examines the modelling of cracks by distribution of strain nuclei along crack lines. In this investigation, the Volterra-type screw dislocation employed between FGM and an elastic layer. To solve the dislocation problem, the complex Fourier transform is applied...
متن کاملبررسی میزان و نوع ارتباط بین اندازه دور بازو با وزن (جهت تخمین وزن) در افراد بالغ و سالم ساکن شهر تهران
The present survey is a correlation study designed to determine extent and type of relation between mid-arm circumference and weight in order to offer a scale for assumption of weight. 390 healthy, adults who are resident in Tehran and between the ages 18-65 were selected from visitors at three hospital censers at random. Input accumulation was carried out by means of a questionnaire an...
متن کاملMixed-Mode Stress Intensity Factors for Surface Cracks in Functionally Graded Materials Using Enriched Finite Elements
Three-dimensional enriched finite elements are used to compute mixed-mode stress intensity factors (SIFs) for three-dimensional cracks in elastic functionally graded materials (FGMs) that are subject to general mixed-mode loading. The method, which advantageously does not require special mesh configuration/modifications and post-processing of finite element results, is an enhancement of previou...
متن کامل